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- <text id=90TT2817>
- <title>
- Oct. 29, 1990: How Times Have Changed
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Oct. 29, 1990 Can America Still Compete?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 58
- How Times Have Changed
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> The formidably confident Mikhail Gorbachev showed a touch
- of meekness when the Norwegian ambassador called on him last
- week. "He came very gently toward us and asked if he could
- really believe the rumors," Dagfinn Stenseth recalled. "I told
- him if he was thinking of the Nobel Peace Prize, he could." A
- smiling Gorbachev later said that he was "deeply moved and
- excited" and that the honor would provide "support and
- inspiration" at a critical time in his reform efforts.
- </p>
- <p> Nobel awards have not always been so well received in
- Moscow. The only other Soviet Peace Prize laureate was the
- physicist and human-rights activist Andrei Sakharov, who was
- honored in 1975. One Soviet newspaper called that award
- "political pornography," and a statement by 72 of Sakharov's
- colleagues in the Soviet Academy of Sciences accused him of
- activities "aimed to undermine peace." The government refused
- to let him travel to Oslo for the ceremony, but his wife
- Yelena Bonner attended for him.
- </p>
- <p> Even Nobel Prizes for Literature have produced political
- storms. When Boris Pasternak, author of Doctor Zhivago, was
- named in 1958, the official press labeled the decision "a
- hostile political act." The vilification became so intense that
- Pasternak declined the prize. He died in 1960, and his son
- claimed the medal on his behalf only last year.
- </p>
- <p> One of the Kremlin's least favorite writers, Aleksandr
- Solzhenitsyn, won the literature award in 1970. He decided he
- would not attend the presentation for fear of being refused
- permission to return home. He was probably correct: four years
- later he was exiled from the Soviet Union. Soviet-born poet
- Joseph Brodsky was already in exile in New York City when he
- won the prize for literature in 1987. Foreign Ministry
- spokesman Gennadi Gerasimov thought it was "a good thing" that
- world attention would be focused on Russian poetry, but he was
- sour about Brodsky, who had been sentenced to a work camp in
- 1963 for the crime of "parasitism." "The tastes of the Nobel
- Committee are strange sometimes," said Gerasimov.
- </p>
- <p> Before last week's announcement, one Nobel selection that
- warmed the Kremlin's heart was that of Mikhail Sholokhov, the
- court novelist who received the Literature Prize in 1965. He
- was allowed to go to Stockholm and deposit his check in a bank
- there. But in 1974 the exiled Solzhenitsyn accused Sholokhov
- of plagiarism. He claimed Sholokhov had based portions of his
- epic of the Russian Revolution and civil war, The Quiet Don,
- on a manuscript written just after World War I by a Cossack,
- Fyodor Kryukov.
- </p>
- <p> Thanks to increases and an improved exchange rate for the
- Norwegian krone, the prize is worth about $710,000, or about
- eight times Gorbachev's annual salary. It is a sum that would
- see any Soviet citizen through a lifetime of shortages, but the
- President plans to donate the money to charity. One likely
- recipient: a fund for young victims of the Chernobyl disaster.
- </p>
- <p>By Bruce W. Nelan.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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